COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN CHINA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN CHINA - Essay Example A large number of new operas on modern and historical themes were created, and previous operas continued to be performed. As a trendy form of art, opera has often been the foremost of the arts to highlight transformations in Chinese policy. For instance, in the middle period of 1950, it was the first to gain from the Hundreds Flowers Campaign. Identically, the November 1965 criticism on Wu Han, the deputy mayor of Beijing and his historical play indicated the start of the Cultural Revolution. In the Cultural Revolution, a large number of opera soldiers were dismissed, scriptwriters and performers were singled out, and all operas apart from the eight model operas endorsed by Jiang Qing and her partners were outlawed. Also, Western-style plays were damned as poisonous weeds and dead drama and were not presented. After the demise of the Gang of four in 1976, Beijing opera was restored and continued to be an extremely admired form of entertainment both on television and in theaters (Chu, 1977). This paper will discuss the role of revolutionary model operas in the 1960s and 70s in the People’s Republic of China. ... Therefore, if people were to comprehend the features of modernity, that is, the life situations developed by the modern societies and institutional elements of modern societies, then they should give a core responsibility to the establishment of communication media and their effect (Thompson, 1995a). In addition, there was a revival of the Western-style Theater following the Cultural Revolution. A large number of works that were created, and banned and revised from abroad and China were restored in the national collection. A large number of the new acts stressed at the perimeters of imaginative freedom and were condemned and commended, on the basis of the political situation. One of the most vocal of the novel class of playwrights was Sha Yexin. He developed a contentious play, The Imposter, in 1979, which dealt unsympathetically with the prerequisites and favoritism given to party associates. In addition, the most widespread entertainment for the Chinese citizens prior to the revolu tionary model operas in the 1960s to 70s entailed public gatherings, art shows, and fireworks displays. Individuals felt tremendous happiness and derived inspiration among the cheering crowds. For instance, Yangge stilt walking and performances became admired shows. The people of People’s Republic of China enjoyed engrossing themselves in carnival groups, in which they felt a rousing spirit of unity. In addition, filmmakers erupted into new eagerness to develop novel performances. Also, this period saw Chinese filmmakers developed a sizeable amount of movies (Clark, 2008). Context in Which the Case Became Significant The people of the People’s Republic of China went through a strenuous period during the 1960s and 1970s. The natural catastrophe during the initial three years

DI-MS Technique for Analyzing Protein and Peptide Sequences

DI-MS Technique for Analyzing Protein and Peptide Sequences Food Industrial Application DI-MS technique has been widely applied in food industry as it is an easy and high-throughput tool for analyzing protein and peptide sequences, studying the components or structure in food, monitoring the contamination in food. FAB-MS In the study by Terzi, Boyot, Dorsselear, Luu and Trifilieff (1990), the amino acid sequence of a new 6.8 kDa proteolipid from beef heart was determined by employed FAB-MS. The study isolated and purified the 6.8 kDa proteolipid from an acidic methanol/chloroform extract of bovine cardiac muscle, and subsequently analyzed it with the application Cs atom beam of FAB-MS in 1-thioglycerol matrix. The result showed a protonated molecular ion [M+H]+ at m/z 6834.1 and indicated that it have about 60 residues. The 60 residues in the polypeptide were cleaved into three peptide fragments CN1, CN2 and CN3. To characterize these cleavage peptides from amino acid composition, the CN1 and CN2 were ionized using the FAB-MS that performed with Xe atom beam and 1-thioglycerol matrix while the CN3 which also dissolved in 1-thioglycerol was collided by Cs atom beam to produce sample ions. Table 1.0: Chemical mass of cleavage peptides Cleavage peptides Measured mass [M+H]+ [M+Na]+ CN1 1539.0 1560.9 CN2 2100.5 2121.8 CN3 3134.6 From the analysis of the cleavage peptides, the amino acid sequence and peptide fragments of the 6.8 kDa proteolipid were reported as: MLQSLIKKVWIPMKPYYTQAYQEIWVGTGLMAYIVYKIRSADKRSKALKASS 1 CN1 13 14 CN2 31 32 CN3 AAPAHGHH 60 In addition, the FAB-MS technique was applied to determine the structure of the Lycium chinense Miller fruits (Gou-Qi-Zi) in combination with NMR and IR spectroscopy (Chung, Ali, Praveen, Yu, Kim, Ahmad, 2014). L. chinense fruit is a valuable tonic or food, hence there are many researches have been reported to display the properties the L.chinense fruit. For example, the anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant properties (Lee et al., 2005; Wang, Chang, Inbaraj. Chen, 2010; Zhang et al., 2011) and the antihepatotoxic activity and chemical constituents (Chin et al., 2003; Kim et al., 1997). In the research, the four new compounds (i, ii, iii and iv) that isolated from L. chinense fruits were characterized using the FAB-MS (JMS-700) spectrometer. The antioxidant activity of the four compounds was further studied and it demonstrated that the activity of the compounds followed the order 1423. Table 2.0: Characterization of compound (i) to (iv) Mass Species m/z Detected species Suggestion Compound (i) [M+H]+ 817 C40H65O17 -aromatic acid glycosidic ester 283 [CH3(CH2)16COO]+ -steric acid was esterified with one phenolic group 267 [CH3(CH2)16CO]+ 414 [C15H26O13]+ -three arabinose units bind to one phenolic group 265 [C10H17O8]+ 133 [C5H9O4]+ Compound (ii) [M+H]+ 1165 C50H85O30 -susquiterpene glycoside ester 265 [C10H17O8]+ -few arabinose units bind to the sesquiterpene moiety 223 [C14H27CO]+ 133 [C5H8O5]+ Compound (iii) [M]+ 1309 C58H100O32 -hexaglycoside 341 [C12H21O11]+ -six hexose sugar units bind to each other -unsaturated fatty acid located at terminal position 335 [C21H39COO]+ 325 [C12H21O10]+ 319 [C12H39CO]+ 179 [C6H11O6]+ 163 [C6H11O5]+ Compound (iv) [M+H]+ 841 C31H52O26 -five arabinose units and one glucose unit 661 [C25H41O20]+ -five pentose sugar units bind to a hexose sugar 529 [C25H41O20-C5H8O4]+ 281 [C10H17O9]+ TOF-SIMS TOF-SIMS which widely applied in surface analysis is an important technique for monitoring the contamination in food as the usage of pesticides and fungicide in the agriculture practice will alter and compromise the food quality. The study used TOF-SIMS technique to characterize and compare three different groups of Seggianese olives which classified as untreated (UT), treated with insecticide (dimethoate) and fungicide (copper oxychloride) without washing (TU) and treated with insecticide and fungicide with washing with cold water (TW) (Focardi, et al., 2006). Before measuring the molecular masses of three different groups of olives, the mass calibration was done by using CH3+, C2H3+ and C3H5+ peaks as calibration compounds for positive ions C, CH and C2H peaks as calibration compounds for negative ions. The SIMS data proved the chemical treatments modify the surface composition of olive, resulting in higher intensity signals in TU compared with TW or UT olive spectra. Besides, the intensity of UT and TW olives showed a small variance between each other, demonstrating the washing process was no effective in removing of insecticides and fungicides that will stimulate the composition alterations of olives. Table 3.0: Intensity of few relevant peaks from three different olive samples Peaks Mass peak m/z Attribution Intensity TU olive TW olive UT olive Positive 31.018 CH3O+ 4.23 10-4 6.93 10-5 1.12 10-4 57.074 C4H9+ 1.18 10-2 5.92 10-3 5.08 10-3 73.051 C4H9O+ 7.83 10-4 3.34 10-4 3.08 10-4 147.082 C6H14NOP+ / C6H13NOS+ 2.42 10-4 7.37 10-5 2.93 10-5 Negative 15.994 O 1.13 10-4 2.30 10-3 7.20 10-3 17.002 OH 1.19 10-4 4.42 10-3 5.44 10-3 31.972 S 5.24 10-4 1.99 10-5 1.47 10-5 MALDI-TOF/TOF MS MALDI-MS is a widespread analytical tool for proteins, peptides and oligonucleotides as it offers high ion yields of the intact analyte samples, high sensitivity and accuracy (Lewis, Wei, Siuzdak, 2000). In year 2012, a research about the peptide of peanut hydrolysate has the properties of umami taste had reported by Su, Cui, Zheng, Yang, Ren Zhao. Umami taste is known as the fifth basic taste and it usually described as savory or MSG-like taste. In the study, two novel umami and umami-enhancing peptides were isolated from peanut hydrolysate, purified using chromatography and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The analysis of peptides was performed by MALDI-MS equipped with 337nm of UV nitrogen laser and matrix solution as sinapic acid saturated in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile. The MALDI-TOF/TOF MS was used to sequence the two novel peptides that termed as P3 and P4 as they produce umami taste. It found that the molecular mass of P3 and P4 was 1091.419 Da and 965.595 Da respectively and the amino sequence of P3 is EGSEAPDGSSR while P4 is SSRDEQSR. Bibliography Chung, I. M., Ali, M., Praveen, N., Yu, B. R., Kim, S. H., Ahmad, A. (2014). New polyglucopyranosyl and polyarabinopyranosyl of fatty acid derivatives from the fruits of Lycium chinense and its antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 435-443. Focardi, S., Ristori, S., Mazzuoli, S., Tognazzi, A., Leach-Scampavia, D., Castner, D. G., et al. (2006). ToF-SIMS and PCA studies of Seggianese olives and olive oil. Colloids and Surfaces, 225-232. Lewis, J. K., Wei, J., Siuzdak, G. (2000). Matrix-assited laser desorption/iomization mass spectrometry in peptide and protein analysis. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd. Su, G., Cui, C., Zheng, L., Yang, B., Ren, J., Zhao, M. (2012). Isolation and identification of two novel umami and umami-enhancing peptides from peanut hydrolysate by consecutive chromatography and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Food Chemistry, 479-485. Terzi, E., Boyot, P., Dorsselear, A. V., Luu, B., Trifilieff, E. (1990). Isolation and amino acid sequence of a novel 6.8-kDa mitochondrial proteolipid from beef heart. FABS Letters, 122-126. Conclusion In food industry, the analysis of protein and peptide can be performed well by using MALDI-MS and FAB-MS while the application of SIMS is mostly used for detecting the surface of contaminated food. Besides, the structure of the components in foods can also be identified by using the FAB-MS combined with NMR and IR spectroscopies.

Louis Armstrong :: Music, Jazz

Q5. Armstrong’s contribution was also significant in regards of racial justice. His development of instrumental, vocal, and stylistic techniques partnered with his breathtaking talent open doors to the acceptance of white Americans. (Tanenhaus, 19) This was made evident when after Ford Motor Company made attempts to release Armstrong from The Edsel Show prior to their profligate TV laugh of their new automobile line for his public outburst and statements on race. Ford’s plans backfired when Armstrong remained on the show and played alongside of Rosemary Clooney, Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, and Frand Sinatra no more than a short month after the controversy. With vast viewer popularity, white Americans made it apparent their unconditional love for him and his music. (Teachout, 334-335) Armstrong began making a step in racial acceptance that in that time had not been established yet. Q6. Lastly, through his contribution to early Jazz, he had a direct hand in developing the new field of academic jazz scholarship, although it had been extensively debatable on his contribution. (Teachout, 351) None the less, his talent formed a popularity that was surpassed by none even to the point that once in his career; he was more popular than the Beatles. (Teachout, 351) Undoubtedly, he was the first, if not the only to present Jazz to the public as a form of art. This changed the direction of Jazz to not just leaser listening music, but teachable and complicated talent. (Tanenhaus, 19) Q7. His contribution to jazz was primary made in early jazz music of the 1920s-1930s. (Teachout, 53,389) Though he received his first success as a teenager in 1914 when he took the place of King Oliver in the Kid Ory Band; (Raum 14) he had not yet made the impact on the stylistic and technical form as he did in the later years of his career. Q8. Armstrong’s contribution was made primarily in his home state of New Orleans and to the South with the exception of his travels out of the country to Japan, Egypt, Europe, and Africa. (McKissack, 22-23) In regards of where his impact was made beyond is undoubtedly to the progression of American as well as to jazz music itself. Q9. There are an immeasurable amount of people in Armstrongs life that helped him to succeed to his contribution but the contribution itself was souly because of Armstrong’s drive, talent and personality. If one were to choose who in Armstrong’s life played the biggest part, it would be back to where it all started, Peter Davis.

Impact of the American Culture

Impact of the Popular American Culture Melinda A. Valdez Soc. 105 March 17, 2010 Impact of the American Culture There are many advertisements being held by the media and television commercials that affect the American culture. They do not just affect the adults but the children as well for instants, this week my children and I were watching the Disney channel and we saw a commercial of Chucky Cheese and right away my children say they want to go there, so to satisfy my children now I want to take them there so they could enjoy themselves and now I am going to have to spend money that I was not planning on and it might not even be that exciting to them as it was shown on TV. In the past three days not only was I coming across kid commercials but make up products, red lobster, and movies that are just coming out, and when you see these they encourage you to go out and get them. These advertisements are not things that I have to have in life to survive; they are stuff to pleasure me and to entertain me as well. Personally I know that the media has impacted my lifestyle in many ways even though I am aware of the influence it has on my decision making. For example, the makeup commercials, do I need the makeup more likely no but I see the commercial and see what it might make your skin look like and even though I know that they are doing it to sale there product it just looks so good that I have to try it. I honestly think I have more luxury in my house than what I really do need. Such as my television it is a sixty two inch do I really need a TV that big, no but it looks nice. Overall I do think that the media and advertising has a big impact on our American culture and yes we can say no to advertisements but we are more likely not to.

Memo Review Essay

The writer knowing the audience will help with what information to keep or remove, whether the memo will be formal or informal, and word choice. Memoradum Review An informal memo, typically, is between two colleagues for notification of information or to obtain input on different subjects. Andrew Accountant’s memo was an informal memo the teammates to obtain information on the inventory methods of LastIn/FirstOut (LIFO) and FirstIn/ FirstOut (FIFO). The review of Andrew’s memo will show what information to use or remove and word choice, which both depends on the writer’s knowledge of the audience. Repercussions can arise when there is no knowledge of the audience. Inclusion of Information The information of a memo is important because it tells the audience the reason for writing the memo. Memorandums can have information that does not apply to the message. For instance, Andrew had information about Macy’s winning the test case against the United States right to use LIFO. This information is not necessary because it does not apply to the company. A memo with information overload can cause the audience to lose their attention, and it has the potential of letting the audience know that they have no knowledge of the subject. Word Choice â€Å"The words that communicate best will be those that appeal to your particular readers and enable them easily to understand what you are trying to say† (Flatley, Lesikar, & Rentz, p. 27, 2008). Word choice is important to written communication because it conveys the tone and personality of the writer; the audience cannot see the nonverbal communication, which it conveys the emotion and feelings behind verbal communication (Beebe & Masterson, p. 144, 2006), in written communication. For example, Andrew wrote stating the possibility that the team will recommend LIFO. The statement conveys the decision of which inventory method to recommend is made without team discussion. The team could have confusion on team leadership and feel their opinions do not matter which can harm the group communication. Andrew should have started the statement with ‘in my opinion’ and then the supporting details of his opinion. Jargon is a special language used in a group (jargon, n. d. ). The use of accounting terms is necessary for Andrew’s informal memo because it is the language used between the team. If the memo were to be directed at a different audience, there should be explanations of the accounting terms, so the audience can understand, or do not use the terms. When the audience cannot understand the message, they will lose attention and feel the writer was in rush and did not care about the message. Conclusion Overall, the audience is important because the audience has an influence on the language, format, and information. The writer wants to keep the audience attention and make sure the audience can understand the memo. Written communication can improve or harm a relationship depending on how the audience interprets the message. To achieve this, proofreading and editing is important to having an effective memo. Well-written memos are a good way of communication and show others with â€Å"respect and friendly human concern† (Flatley, Lesikar, & Rentz, p. 76, 2008). References Beebe, S. , & Masterson, J. (2006). Communicating in Small Groups: Principles and Practices (8th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Flatley, M. E. , Lesikar, R. V. , & Rentz, K. (2008). Business Communication (11th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. jargon. (n. d. ). The American Heritage ® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Retrieved February 05, 2013, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/jargon INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM TO: EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT FROM:AFTDEN WHITE & TEAMMATES SUBJECT:LAST IN/FIRST OUT & FIRST IN/FIRST OUT DATE: FEBRUARY 5, 2013 In response, to the request of overview inventory methods: Last In/ First Out and First In/ First Out. The team researched and discussed the contrast between the two inventory methods. The choice of Last In/ First Out and First In/First Out will influence the profit and loss statements. The company should continue using Last In/ First Out if the costs remain the same, but we should move to First In/First Out if the costs increase, as expected. The question of whether the company’s Cost of Goods Sold and inventories cost will increase or decrease with the use of the two inventory methods. To our findings, the First In/First Out will decrease the value of the Cost of Goods Sold and have an increase value of inventory. The Last In/ First Out will decrease the value of Cost of Goods Sold and decrease the value of inventory. To improve the company’s cash flow and profit margin, the Last In/ First Out method is best. With Last In/ First Out, we can continue to reduce federal and state corporate income taxes. The reduction of corporate income taxes has leaded the company to better cash flow and profit margin. We recommend continuing to use the Last In/First Out because of the improvements it will have on cash flows and profit margin. Please find the overview to be helpful in making the decision of which inventory method to apply to the company. .